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Ever since its inception by Pauli in order to explain the continuous beta decay spectrum, neutrinos have always posed to be a fascinating puzzle for particle physicists. Despite significant advances on experimental and theoretical fronts, several questions still remain unanswered in the neutrino sector. One of the foremost amongst these is the explanation of lepton mixing phenomenon, generally described through the Pontecorvo- Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix, and a precise measurement of its parameters. The problem is further complexified by the observation of anomalies at several Short Base Line (SBL) neutrino experiments, hinting at the possibility of existence of additional sterile neutrinos. In this context, the present paper aims to discuss the lepton mixing phenomenon and the PMNS matrix in detail along with some of its popular parametrizations. Further, we would be providing a detailed mathematical discussion regarding the formulation of PMNS matrix in one of its most popular parametrizations, viz. the standard parametrization, for the standard three neutrino framework as well the 3+1 sterile neutrino scenario.
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