This journal place strong emphasis on research integrity, transparent authorship practices, impartial and confidential peer review, and careful editorial oversight. Policies typically align with COPE and ICMJE guidelines, promoting trustworthiness, reproducibility, and ethical conduct across disciplines.

Ethical Standards & Originality

• Submissions must be original work, not previously published or concurrently under consideration by other journals—consistent with COPE and ICMJE/Ingelfinger guidelines
• Zero tolerance for plagiarism is enforced through similarity screening tools and often rejecting manuscripts with high similarity indices (commonly above 10–20%)

Authorship & Contributions guidelines

• Authors must meet established criteria: significant contributions to conception/design, drafting or revising critically, approval of final version, and accountability for integrity.
• Policies typically prohibit ghost authorship (uncredited contributors) and gift authorship (credit without involvement).
• Changes in authorship (addition, removal, reordering) require written consent from all authors and editorial board approval before final acceptance

Conflict of Interest & Transparency

• Authors mustdisclose all potential conflicts of interest, including financial, institutional, or personal ties, in accordance with COPE and ICMJE standards.
• Conflict declarations are typically included in the manuscript (e.g. before References) and may be published alongside the article.

Publication Decision & Integrity

• The final acceptance decision lies with the editor or editorial board, based solely on intellectual merit and quality—free of commercial influence or bias