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Nationalism is a wider concept, which explains the relation between state and its people; it takes an important place in the life of a human being. Nationalism is a type of feeling, when a human being to do everything for his/her nation. In the past time, nationalism was based on race, color, religion, culture, language. But these days these factors also important yet these days, due to information development and globalization, all world has changed into a global village, where people are connected each other with the help of communication means, such as Email, Facebook, Fax, Internet, Messenger, TV, Radio and so on. Even these days inter- states marriages are increasing. So due to these factors, purity of race, culture, religion, values is not possible. Now, this is also a duty of state to works for nationalism. In the context of India, nationalism is a concept, which is growing continuously and Indian freedom fighters such as Gandhi, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdav, Raj guru, Vivekananda, Dayananda Sarsvati, B.R. Ambedkar, Nehru, and Bikam etc. have played a great role for nationalism. In this research paper I will discuss about the nature of nationalism, types of nationalism, and in a part of paper will discuss about the Indian, western, roman, Greek nationalism.
1. Carlton & Hayes, ‘The Historical Evolution of Modem Nationalism’, (Macmillan, New York, 1959).
2. Harold J. Laski, ‘A Grammar of Politics’ (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1938). P-222
3. Ibid, P-224
4. National Revolutionaries were the freedom fighters of India, like the mJgantar and Anushilan Parties, who believed in the politics of ‘bomb and gun’ against the British power. To the British Government they were terrorists.
5. Extremists- The Indian National Congress was divided into two groups in the early days of its growth (before the emergence of Gandhi) the Moderates and the Extremists, the former preferred legal, constitutional and the latter extra- constitutional method of agitation against the British Government.
6. Gandhi, in and out an orthodox Hindu, always tried to unite the Hindus and Muslims by conceding concessions to the Muslims, that ultimately proved fatal.
7. Kenneth MacPherson and Guil Minault, ‘Gandhi and Khilafat : A Milestone in India’s History’, (Pelican, 1969). P-35.
8. Partha Chatterjee, ‘Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World : A Derivative Discourse ? (Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1986). P-98-100
9. In his novel ‘Anandamath’ Bankim created the picture of ‘Bharat Mata’ in three forms : a) India of the glorious past, b) India of the present totally ruined by colonial exploitation, c) India of the future that is to be bom out of supreme sacrifices of her dedicated sons and daughters. The novel was published in 1881 and Bankim included in it the song ‘Vande Mataram’ composed in 1875, which in due course became the national song of the Indians fighting against the British.
10. Jayantanuja Bandopadhyaya, ‘ Nationalism Unveiled’, (Allied Publishers Ltd., 1990) R 136 – 137.
11. Hegel, the great German philosopher of the eighteenth century develops the concept of the ‘Spirit’ descending on earth through historical event and ideas following the process of Dialectical Idealism of ‘thesis’ ‘anti – thesis’ and ‘Synthesis’.
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