Menu
The association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders has always been of great interest to oral health professionals. Temporomandibular disorders have been quite prevalent in children and adolescents. Moreover, about 30 per cent of the population receive orthodontic treatment during this period. In this context, the issue of orthodontic treatment may be a predisposing factor for the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders has been raised. Lack of obvious evidence to the assumption that orthodontic treatment is associated with the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders promotes the need for extensive follow-up studies representing broader population sample and more rigorous methodology encompassing all confounding factors in relation to temporomandibular disorders.
1. Conti ACF, Oltramari PVP, Navarro RDL, Almeida MR. Examination of temporomandibular disorders in the orthodontic patient:a clinical guide. J Appl Oral Sci. 2007; 15: 1-10.
2. Luther F. Orthodontics and temporomandibular joint, where are we now? Part-I. Angle Orthod 1998a; 68: 295-304.
3. Peltola JS, Nystrom M, Könönen M, Wolf J. Radiographic structural findings in the mandibular condyles of young individuals receiving orthodontic treatment. Acta Odontol Scand 1995; 53: 85-91.
4. Tallents RH, Catania J, Sommers E. temporomandibular joint findings in pediatric populations and young adults: a critical review.Angle Orthod 1990; 61: 1, 157-162
5. Peltola JS, M. Könönen M. A Follow-up Study of Radiographic Findings in the Mandibular Condyles of Orthodontically Treated Patients and Associations with TMD. J Dent Res, 1995; 74: 9, 1571-76
6. Henrikson T, Nilner M. Temperomandibular disorders and the need for stomatognathic treatment in orthodontically treated and untreated girls. Europ J Orthod 2000; 22: 283-92.
7. Varga ML. Orthodontic therapy and temporomandibular disorders. Medical Sci.2010; 34:75-85
8. Kim MR, Graber TM, Viana MA. Orthodontics and temporomandibular disorder: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;21: 438-46.
9. Koh H, Robinson PG. Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders. J Oral Rehabilitation 2004; 31:287–292.
10. Cachoa A, Martinb C. Kinesiographic and sonographic changes in young Class II patients treated with functional appliances. J Orthod Dentofacial Orthopaedics 2007; 131 (2) 196-201.
11. Egermark I, Ronnerman A. Temporomandibular disorders in the active phase of orthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabilitation 2007; 22(8):613-618.
12. Larsson E, Ronnerman A. Mandibular dysfunction symptoms in orthodontically treated patients ten years after the completion of treatment. Europ J Orthodontics 1981; 3(2):89-94.
13. Tadej G, Engstrom C, Borrman H, Edwin L. Christiansen. Mandibular condyle morphology in relation to malocclusion in children. Angle Orthod. 1989; 59 (3):187-194.
14. Kundinger KK, Austin BP, Christensen LV, Donegan SJ, Ferguson DJ. An evaluation of temporomandibular joints and jaw muscles after orthodontic treatment involving premolar extractions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991; 100 (2):110-5.
15. Artun J, Hollender LG, Truelove EL. Relationship between orthodontic treatment, condylar position, and internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;101(1):48-53.
16. Rendell JK, Norton LA, Gay T. Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular joint disorders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992; 101(1): 84-7.
17. Dibbets JM, van der Weele TL. Long-term effects of orthodontic treatment, including extraction, on signs and symptoms attributed to CMD. Europ J Orthod 1992; 14(1):16–20.
18. Peltola JS. Radiological variations in mandibular condyles of Finnish students, one group orthodontically treated and the other not. Europ J Orthod 1993; 15(3):223-227.
19. Pullinger AG, Seligman DA, Gornbien JA. A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features. J Dent Res. 1993;72: 968-79
20. Katzberg RW, Westesson PL, Tallents RH, Drake CM. Orthodontics and temperomandibular joint internal derangements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109 (5):515-20.
21. Owen AH. Unexpected temporomandibular joint findings during fixed appliance therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.1998; 113 :625-31
22. Lagerstrom L, Egermark I, Carlsson GE. Signs and Symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in 19-year-old individuals who have undergone orthodontic treatment. Swed Dent J. 1998; 22:177–186
23. Henrikson T, Nilner M, Kurol J. Symptoms and signs of temporomandibular disorders before, during and after orthodontic treatment. Swed Dent J. 1999; 23(5-6):193-207
24. Yamada K, Hiruma Y, Hanada K, Hayashi T, Koyama J, Ito J. Condylar bony change and craniofacial morphology in orthodontic patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms: a pilot study using helical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthodont Res. 1999; 2:133.
25. Henrikson T, Nilner M, Kurol J. Signs of temperomandibular disorders in the subjects receiving orthodontic treatment. A comparison of Class II malocclusion and normal occlusion subjects. Euro J Orthod 2000; 22: 271-81.
26. Tahima K, Tanaka E, Tanne K. Craniofacial morphology in orthodontically treated patients of Class III malocclusion with stable and unstable treatment outcomes. J Orthod Dentofacial Orthopedics 2000; 117: 6, 681-90
27. Conti A, Freitas M, Conti P et al. Relationship between signs and symptoms of temperomandibular joint disorders and orthodontic treatment: A cross sectional study. Angle Orthod 2003; 73: 4, 411-16.
28. Shen Y, Chen Y, Chuang S. Condylar resorption during active orthodontic treatment and subsequent therapy: report of a specialcase dealing with iatrogenic TMD possibly related to orthodontic treatment. J Oral Rehabilitation 2005; 32; 332–336.
29. Kinzinger G, Roth A, Gulden N, Bucker A, Diedrich P. Effects of orthodontic treatment with fixed functional orthopaedic appliances on the disc-condyle relationship in the temporomandibular joint: a magnetic resonance imaging study. (Part II) Dentomaxillofac. Radiol 2006; 35(5): 347 – 356.
30. Rey D, Oberti G, Bacceti T. Evaluation of temporo-mandibular disorders in class III patients treated with mandibular cervical headgear and fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.2008; 133: 379-381.
31. Macfarlane TV, Kenealy P, Kingdom HA, Mohlin BO, Pilley JR, Richmond S, Shaw WC. Twenty-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: temporomandibular disorders. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135: 692-3
32. Greene CS. TMJ and Orthodontics and the Temperomandibular joint. Angle Orthod 1981; 166-69
33. Mcnamara JA Jr, Selligman DA, Okeson JP. Occlusion, orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders: a review. J Orofac Pain. 1995; 9(1):73-90.
34. Luther F. Orthodontics and temperomandibular joint, where are we now? Part-II. Functional occlusion, Malocclusion and TMD. Angle Orthod 1998b; 68: 305-11
35. Luther F, Layton S, McDonald F. Orthodontics for treating temperomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (review). Cochrane review, Cochrane library 2010; 7.
36. Fernández-González FJ, Cañigral A, López-Caballo JL, Brizuela A, Moreno-Hay I, del Río-Highsmith J, Vega JA. Influence of orthodontic treatment on temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015; 7(2): e320-7. http://www.medicinaoral. com/odo/volume-nes/v7i2/jcedv7i2p320.pdf
37. Winocur E, Emodi-Perlman A. Occlusion, Orthodontic Treatment and Temperomandibular Disorders: Myths and Scientific Evidences, Orthodontics – Basic Aspects and Clinical Considerations, Farid Bourzgui (Ed.), In Tech, ISBN: 978-953-51-0143-7, Available from:http://www. intechopen.com/books/orthodontics-basic-aspects-
and-clinical-considerations/orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders, 2012.
38. Nakano H, Koutaro Maki, Yoshinobu Shibasaki and Arthur J. Miler. Three – dimensional changes in the condyle during development of an asymmetrical mandible in a rat: a microcomputed tomography study. Am J Ortho Dentofac Orthop. 2004; 126(4): 410-420
Desh Bhagat University,
Off to NH-44, Amloh Road, Mandi Gobindgarh,
District Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab- 147301, India