1. Authorship and Contribution

Accurate Representation: Ensure that all listed authors have made significant contributions to the research and manuscript preparation.

Order of Authors: The order of authors should reflect their relative contributions to the work.

Acknowledgment: Individuals who contributed to the research but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged.

2. Originality and Plagiarism

Original Work: Submit only original work that has not been published elsewhere.

Proper Citation: Appropriately cite all sources and previous work. Avoid plagiarism by not copying others’ work or ideas without proper attribution.

Self-Plagiarism: Avoid submitting the same work to multiple journals or republishing the same research in different forms without proper acknowledgment.

3. Data Management

– Data Integrity: Present data honestly without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation.

– Transparency: Be transparent about the data collection methods and analysis.

– Availability: Make data available for verification and replication by other researchers, if required.

4. Conflict of Interest

– Disclosure: Disclose any financial, personal, or other conflicts of interest that could affect the research or its interpretation.

– Avoid Bias: Ensure that conflicts of interest do not bias the research results or their presentation.

5. Peer Review Process

– Fair Review: Engage in a fair, objective, and timely peer review process.

– Confidentiality: Maintain the confidentiality of the manuscript during the review process.

– Constructive Feedback: Provide constructive and respectful feedback to authors.

6. Research with Human or Animal Subjects

– Ethical Approval: Obtain appropriate ethical approval for research involving human participants or animals.

– Informed Consent: Ensure informed consent is obtained from all human participants.

– Humane Treatment: Ensure humane treatment of animal subjects.

7. Corrections and Retractions

– Errata: Publish corrections promptly when errors are discovered in published work.

– Retractions: Retract publications if errors invalidate the results or if misconduct is discovered.

8. Responsibilities of Editors and Publishers

– Editorial Independence: Maintain editorial independence without undue influence from sponsors or other stakeholders.

– Fair Decision-Making: Base publication decisions on the quality and relevance of the research.

– Address Misconduct: Address any allegations of misconduct effectively and transparently.

 Resources and Guidelines

– COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics): Provides guidelines and resources for best practices in publication ethics.

– ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors): Offers recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work.

– CSE (Council of Science Editors): Provides resources and guidelines on editorial practices and ethical standards.

Adhering to these ethical principles ensures the credibility of the research, the reputation of the authors, and the trust of the scholarly community and the public.