Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most frequent chromosomal condition linked to intellectual disability and congenital anomalies.’ This review offers a comprehensive overview of its genetic etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and multidisciplinary treatment. The purpose is to increase knowledge and facilitate improved health outcomes and social integration for Down syndrome individuals. The increased dosage of genes on chromosome 21 leads to the complex phenotype associated with DS, including intellectual disability, craniofacial dysmorphisms, and congenital anomalies.
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