International Journal of Business Management & Research - Volumes & Issues - Volume 12: June 2022, Issue 1

Capital Structure Determinants of Start-Up Businesses: An Empirical Study of India

Authors

Priyanka, Prof. Karam Pal Narwal

DOI Number

Keywords

Capital Structure, Determinants, Leverage, Startups, India

Abstract

One of a firm’s most crucial decisions is undoubtedly its financing structure. It is described as how a company finances its assets by carefully balancing equity and debt. Through this study, we have investigated the capital structure determinants of startup firms in India by applying panel data regression methodology. The sample consists of 21 startup firms located in the Delhi NCR region of India and the period from 2017 to 2021 has been considered in this study. The results have revealed that firm size, profitability and liquidity are the main factors that have significantly influenced the capital structure decision of start-up firms in India. This study will help the present and future entrepreneurs consider some important factors while deciding on their financial structure and also help the policymakers to frame policies that promote a friendly entrepreneurial system in the country.

References

  • Abor, J. (2008). Determinants of the capital structure of Ghanaian firms, African Economic Research Con- sortium (AERC), pp.1-34.
  • Achleitner, K. , Braun, R., and Kohn, K. (2011). New venture financing in Germany: Effects of firm and own- er characteristics, Z Betriebswirtsch, 81:263-294 Benkraiem, R., & Gurau, C. (2013). How do corpo- rate characteristics affect capital structure decisions of French SMEs?, International Journal of Entrepreneur- ial Behavior & Research, 19(2):148-164.
  • Berger, N., and Udell, G.F. (1998). The economics of small business finance: The roles of private equity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle, Journal of Banking and Finance, 22 (6-8):613-673.
  • Cassar, (2004). The financing of business start-ups, Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2):261-283.
  • Cassar, G., and Holmes, S. (2003). Capital structure and financing of SMEs: Australian evidence, Account- ing and Finance, 43(2):123-147.
  • Chadha, S., and Sharma, A.K. (2015). Determinants of capital structure: An empirical evaluation from In- dia, Journal of Advances in Management Research, 12(1):3-14.
  • Coleman, S., Cotei, C., and Farhat, J. (2016). The debt equity financing decisions of US start-up firms, Journal of Economics and Finance, 40(1):105-126.
  • Cotei, C., and Farhat, J. (2017). The evolution of fi- nancing structure in US start-ups, The Journal of Entre- preneurial Finance, 19(1): 1-32.
  • Denis, D.J. (2004). Entrepreneurial finance: an over- view of the issues and evidence, Journal of Corporate Finance, 10(2): 301-326.
  • Gartner, W.B., Frid, C.J. ,and Alexander, J.C. (2012). Financing the emerging firm, Small Business Econom- ics, 39(3): 745-761.
  • Hall, G., Hutchinson, P., & Michaelas, N. (2000). In- dustry effects on the determinants of unquoted SMEs’ capital structure, International Journal of the Econom- ics of Business, 7(3):297-312.
  • Handoo, , and Sharma, K. (2014) A study on determi- nants of capital structure in India, IIMB Management Review, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.170-182.
  • Huang, G., and Song, F.M. (2006) “The determinants of capital structure: Evidence from China”, China Eco- nomic Review, Vol. 17, No.1, pp.14-36.
  • Huyghebaert, N. (2003) The capital structure of busi- ness start-ups: policy implications, Tijdschrift voor Economie en Management, Vol. 48, No.1, pp.23-46.
  • Huyghebaert, N., and Van De Gucht, L.M. (2007) The determinants of financial structure: new insights from business start-ups, European Financial Management, 13(1):101-133.
  • Jaworski, J., and Czerwonka, L. (2021). Determinants of enterprises’ capital structure in energy industry: Evi- dence from European Union, Energies, 14(7):1871.
  • Klacmer Calopa, M., Horvat, J., and Lalic, M. (2014). Analysis of financing sources for start-up compa- nies,Management: Journal of Contemporary Manage- ment Issues, 19(2):19-44.
  • Ko, J., and McKelvie, A. (2018). Signalling for more money: The roles of founder’s human capital and inves- tor prominence in resource acquisition across different stages of firm development, Journal of Business Ven- turing, 33 (4):438-454.
  • Lamichhane, (2020). Nexus between firm fundamen tals and financial leverage in Nepalese nonfinancial firms, Management Dynamics, 23(2):13-32.

 

  • Loan, B.T.T., Thang, N.X., Mai, D.P., and Anh, P.T. (2020). The determinants of capital structure: a case study, Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 9: 5-17.
  • Newman, A., Gunessee, S., and Hilton, B. (2012). Applicability of financial theories of capital structure to the Chinese cultural context: A study of privately owned SMEs, International Small Business Journal, 30 (1):65-83.
  • Nofsinger, R., and Wang, W. (2011). Determinants of start-up firm external financing worldwide, Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(9): 2282-2294.
  • Ohman, P., and Yazdanfar, D. (2017). Short and long- term debt determinants in Swedish SMEs, Review of Accounting and Finance, 16(1).
  • Okrah, J., Alexander N., and Ebenezer A. (2018). Ex- ploring the factors of startup success and growth, The Business & Management Review,9(3): 229-237.
  • Ortqvist, , Masli, E.K., Rahman, S.F., and Selvarajah, C. (2006). Determinants of capital structure in new ven- tures: Evidence from Swedish longitudinal data, Jour- nal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(4):77-296.
  • Pahuja, , and Sahi, A. (2012). Factors affecting capital structure decisions: empirical evidence from selected Indian firms, International Journal of Marketing, Finan- cial Services and Management Research, 3(3):76-86.
  • Pratheepan, , and Yatiwella, W.B. (2016). The deter- minants of capital structure: Evidence from selected listed companies in Sri Lanka, International Journal of Economics and Finance, 8(2):94-106.
  • Psillaki, M., & Daskalakis, N. (2009). Are the deter- minants of capital structure country or firm specific?, Small Business Economics, 33(3):319-333.
  • Rajan, G., and Zingales, L. (1995). What do we know about capital structure? Some evidence from interna- tional data, The Journal of Finance, 50(5):1421-1460.
  • Rao, , Kumar, S. and Madhavan, V. (2019). A study on factors driving the capital structure decisions of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India, IIMB Man- agement Review, 31(1):37-50.
  • Robb, A.M., and Robinson, D.T. (2014). The capital structure decisions of new firms, The Review of Finan- cial Studies, 21(1):153-179.
  • Sanyal, , and Mann, C.L. (2010). The financial struc- ture of start-up firms: The role of assets, information, and entrepreneur characteristics, Working Paper, Fed- eral Reserve Bank of Boston.
  • Scherr, C., Sugrue, T. F., and Ward, J. B. (1993). Financ- ing the small firm start-up: Determinants of debt use, The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 3(1):17-36.
  • Shah, , Gujjar, M. A., & Tunio, G. (2022). Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from South Asian Emerg- ing Economics, Journal of Quantitative Finance and Eco- nomics, 4(1):39-64.
  • Sheikh, N. A., and Wang, Z. (2011). Determinants of capital structure: An empirical study of firms in man- ufacturing industry of Pakistan, Managerial Finance, 37(2):117-133.
  • Sofat, R. and Singh, S. (2017). Determinants of capital structure: an empirical study of manufacturing firms in India, International Journal of Law and Management, 59(6): 1029-1045.
  • Titman, S., and Wessels, R. (1988). The determinants of capital structure choice, The Journal of Finance, 43(1):1-19.
  • Vijayakumaran, S., and Vijayakumaran, R. (2019). Debt maturity and the effects of growth opportunities and liquidity risk on leverage: Evidence from Chinese listed companies, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(3):27-40.

How to cite

Journal

International Journal of Business Management & Research

ISSN

2249-2143

Periodicity

Bi-Annual