Dental Caries is a pandemic and is one of the most important global oral health problems in the world today. It’s an infectious disease characterized by a multifactorial etiology and slow evolution that leads to the destruction of dental hard tissues. The implementation of preventive measures, the need of investing in education for the correct maintenance measures of oral health, associated with preventive medical and dental care, are key to the awareness of populations of its existence and to the decline of its prevalence in India. The current paradigm for management of dental caries is evidence based and favours non-invasive therapies to prevent and/or arrest the progression of the disease. This article focuses on the concepts and trends of dental caries in India.